A handout I'm proud of [Bryan]

Here is a handout I made for a Christmas class I taught in church yesterday.

I. Greek Vocabulary:

1. Katalumati -- (Luke 2:7): KJV translates as “inn” in KJV; should probably be translated “guest room,” “upper room,” or “encampment.” Thus, phrase might be better translated "because there was no space for them in the room.” JST makes this plural: “inns.” Notice there is no mention of an "innkeeper" who turns Joseph away!
2. Eudokias -- (Luke 2:14): KLV translates “of good will” – KJV reads “Peace on earth and good will toward men (eudokia)”; should probably read “Peace on earth among men of good will (eudokias)”
3. Paraklesiv -- (Luke 2:25): KJV translates “consolation.” Closely related to the word for “comforter.” Literally has to do with “calling out” or “exhorting.”
4. Tois tou patros -- (Luke 2:49) – KJV translates as “about my father’s business”; could also be translated “in my father’s house.”
5. Magoi -- (Matt 2:1) – Priestly class among the Persians? (Herodotus) Priests of Zoroastrian religion? Babylonian astronomers? Jews from Babylon?
6. Tektone -- (Matt 13:55). KJV translates as “carpenter.” Could also be a “builder” or a “stonemason.” Early Christian traditions say that Joseph was a homebuilder or a plow-maker.

II. Differences between Luke and Matthews account of the nativity.

1. No mention in Matthew of shepherds, angels, mangers, etc. No mention in Luke of majoi, Herod, or Jesus’ presentation in the temple.
2. Matthew focuses on the role of Joseph., Luke of Mary.
3. Matthew focuses on Jewishness of Jesus; Luke on the humanness of Jesus – Jesus as prophet.
4. Matthew does not mention Joseph being from Nazareth (Joseph could have been from Bethlehem; inn = guest room among relatives?)

III. Parallels between Jesus and Moses as formulated in the Gospel of Matthew:

1. Attempts to kill children by Pharaoh and Herod.
2. Events take place in Egypt.
3. Moses wrote five books; Jesus gives five great sermons.
4. Mount Sinai and Mount of transfiguration.
5. Confrontations with Satan.

IV. Events of Jesus’ early life focused on the temple in Lucan account.

1. Zacharias incident took place in temple.
2. Jesus’ calling confirmed twice in the temple (Simeon, Anna).
3. Jesus taught the priests (says he is to be found “in his father’s house”)
4. Luke also ends his gospel with disciples gathered in temple.
   

V. Genealogies of Jesus (Matt 1:1-16, Luke 3: 23-38)

1. Mattean account begins with “Abraham” and emphasizes “David.” For Matthew, again, Jesus is Jewish Messaiah.
2. Lucan account begins with “Adam.” Jesus belongs to universal human family?
3. Mattean account contains four “infamous” women (Tamar, Ruth, Racab, Bathsheba).
4. Mattean genealogy has 14 generations between each “big” historical event (14 in gematria = “David”). Note: Matthew takes some literary license here to make the generations come to 14.
5. Luke and Matthew have very different genealogies for Joseph. Why? For what its worth, this did not seem to be an issue for the early church, with apologetic discussions of the issue appearing only much later (5^th century BCE).

VI. Poetry of Praise in Lucan narratives.

1. Mary’s famous Magnificant (Luke 1:46-55) contains themes of God exalting the humble and God protecting the weak. This comes right after Elizabeth’s confirmation of Mary’s miraculous conception.
2. Simeon (Luke 2: 29-35) uses the theme of God as a salvific force.
3. Mary's poem parallels the psalm of Hannah in 1 Sam. 2.

IV. Some discussion questions:

1. The birth stories are very different. Why?
2. Matthew focuses on the visit of the magoi to the exclusion of everything else. Why does he do this? What message was he trying to get across? Could his parallel with Moses be an answer?
3. Luke says that the angels announced the birth of Jesus first to lowly shepherds. Why is this significant? Why not to others?
4. According to the earliest manuscripts, the angels greet the shepherds by saying “Peace on earth to men of good will” instead of “Peace on earth good will to men.” How does this change the message of angels?
5. Why did Luke show the Jesus’ early life was so focused on the temple?
6. What image does Luke give of Jesus as a boy? Why does he want to present this image?
7. Why does Matthew begin his genealogy and Luke with Adam? What different emphases does this imply?
8. Why does Matthew include the "infamous" women rather than, say, Sarah or Rachael?
9. What themes do you see in Mary's Magnificant? Why might she had this in mind? What about Simeon?
   
10. Why does Mary's poem parallel Hannah's?
    

(In writing this, I used stuff from Bart Ehrman, Jim Falcouner, and Jesus Christ and the World of the New Testament, among other sources I can't remember now.)